Recombinant Rat FGF basic/FGF2/bFGF Protein

FGF basic (FGF-2, HBGF-2) is one of at least 22 mitogenic proteins of the FGF family, which show 35-60% amino acid conservation (1-3). Unlike other FGFs, FGF acidic and basic lack signal peptides and are secreted by an alternate pathway. Storage pools within the cell or on cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are likely. The predicted 18 kDa FGF basic isoform can be located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and is presumed to be the form secreted (4). Transcription from alternate start sites produces 21-23 kDa forms found only in the nucleus. High and low molecular weight human FGF basic targets the expression of different genes when expressed in NIH-3T3 cells (5). The 18 kDa rat sequence has 98% amino acid (aa) identity with mouse, and 96-97% aa identity with human, bovine and sheep FGF basic (6, 7). Autocrine, intracrine and paracrine actions of FGF basic have been identified. Binding of FGF to heparin or cell surface HSPG is necessary for binding, dimerization and activation of tyrosine kinase FGF receptors. FGF basic binds other proteins, polysaccharides and lipids with lower affinity (3). Expression of FGF basic is nearly ubiquitous but disruption of the mouse FGF basic gene gives a relatively mild phenotype, suggesting compensation by other FGF family members. FGF basic modulates such normal processes as angiogenesis, wound healing and tissue repair, embryonic development and differentiation, neuronal function and neural degeneration. Transgenic over-expression of FGF basic results in excessive proliferation and angiogenesis reminiscent of a variety of pathological conditions (1-3).